Nginx Map how to check value if empty

[c0nw0nk]

Hey,

I was just looking at the realip module but that module does not seem to
support fallback methods like I demonstrated I was in need of. (If it does
support multiple headers and fallback conditions can someone provide a
demonstration)

If real_ip_header CF-Connecting-IP; is missing then fallback to
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For; and if that header is missing use
$binary_remote_addr;

I guess to prevent spoofing what if we merge the map's with a IP header
check map so we can keep our dynamic capabilities but check that only the
matching whitelisted IP's / IP ranges may send one of those headers.
If a non whitelisted IP sends one of those headers we fall back to
$binary_remote_addr; making their spoofing pointless.

That is the solution I can think of to prevent spoofing is to add to the
map's unless anyone has better or known way's that could be simple or more
easy.

Francis Daly Wrote:
-------------------------------------------------------
> On Mon, Mar 06, 2017 at 02:12:40PM -0500, c0nw0nk wrote:
> 
> Hi there,
> 
> good that you've found some more answers.
> 
> There's still some to be worked on, though, I suspect.
> 
> > So to explain how to get the origin IP for each method someone could
> be
> > using here is the list :
> > 
> > Cloudflares proxied traffic :
> > sets the header $http_cf_connecting_ip so use this header to get the
> > Client's real IP
> 
> Stock nginx has the realip module which will allow you to use a value
> from one specific http header, as if it were the connecting address.
> 
> And stock nginx knows that the client can set any header to any value,
> so it can be configured to only believe the value if it was set by a
> trusted source. (More or less).
> 
> It looks like this $http_cf_connecting_ip contains a single IP
> address,
> which is the address of the thing that connected to Cloudflare --
> either
> the client, or a proxy that it uses. And it can be trusted, if the
> incoming request went through the Cloudflare reverse proxy. (And,
> presumably, it is spoofed if the incoming request did not go through
> the Cloudflare reverse proxy.)
> 
> > Traffic from cloudflare via the DNS only connections :
> > These would not have the $http_cf_connecting_ip header present.
> > But those connections hit a load balancing ip what sets the header
> > $http_x_forwarded_for header so that is the way to get the Clients
> real ip
> > via those connections.
> 
> $http_x_forwarded_for is common enough; it can hold a list of IP
> addresses. The realip module knows how to deal with it.
> 
> Whatever method you use to read it, you should be aware that the
> header is not necessarily exactly one IP address. And the client can
> set the header to any initial value; the "load balancing ip" (unless
> documented otherwise) probably creates-or-adds-to the header, rather
> than creates-or-replaces.
> 
> > And then some connections don't hit my load balancing IP and go
> directly to
> > a specific origin server these connections can use $remote_addr.
> 
> They can. But those connections might also have $http_x_forwarded_for.
> And
> $http_cf_connecting_ip. So you will need a reliable way of
> distinguishing
> between case#1 and case#2 and case#3, if you care about that.
> 
> (Probably, the majority of "innocent" requests will not have spoofed
> headers. If that is good enough for what you are trying to achieve,
> then you're ok.)
> 
> > My Solution / conclusion :
> > 
> > How to come up with a fix that allows me to obtain the real IP in a
> dynamic
> > situation like this ?
> 
> I would suggest one of:
> 
> * go to extra measures to cause there to exist a new feature in nginx,
> such that the realip module will look at more than one header to
> determine
> the address to use
> 
> or
> 
> * recognise that if Cloudflare put in a CF-Connecting-IP header, they
> probably also put in a X-Forwarded-For header; ignore CF-Connecting-IP
> and just use the realip module with X-Forwarded-For.
> 
> http://nginx.org/r/real_ip_header and the rest of that page.
> 
> > I have solved my issue with the following.
> 
> This will work, with the above caveats.
> 
> If you have time to experiment, you may find that the realip module
> does
> something similar in a less fragile way.
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> 	f
> -- 
> Francis Daly        francis at daoine.org
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Posted at Nginx Forum: https://forum.nginx.org/read.php?2,272744,272820#msg-272820